Simplifying Research Regulations and Policies: Optimizing American Science (2025)

Chapter: Appendix B: Committee Biographical Sketches

Previous Chapter: Appendix A: Public Meeting Agendas
Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Committee Biographical Sketches." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Simplifying Research Regulations and Policies: Optimizing American Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29231.

Appendix B

Committee Biographical Sketches

Alan Leshner (NAM) (Chair) is CEO, emeritus, of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and former executive publisher of the journal Science and the Science family of journals. He served as permanent CEO from December 2001 through February 2015, and then as interim CEO from July to December 2019. Before joining AAAS, Dr. Leshner was director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). He also served as deputy director and acting director of the National Institute of Mental Health and in several roles at the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF). Before joining the government, Dr. Leshner was professor of psychology at Bucknell University, where he taught and conducted research on the relationship between hormones and behavior. Dr. Leshner is an elected fellow of AAAS, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the National Academy of Public Administration, and many others. He is a member and served as vice chair of the Governing Council of the National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. He served two terms on the National Science Board, appointed first by President Bush and then reappointed by President Obama. Dr. Leshner received PhD and MS degrees in physiological psychology from Rutgers University and an AB in psychology from Franklin and Marshall College. He has received many honors and awards, including the Walsh McDermott Medal from the National Academy of Medicine and seven honorary doctor of science degrees.

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Committee Biographical Sketches." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Simplifying Research Regulations and Policies: Optimizing American Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29231.

David Apatoff is a lawyer specializing in research and development projects, grants, and contracts for research universities and nonprofits. He was a senior partner at the law firm of Arnold & Porter, where he served on the Policy Committee managing the firm’s global operations and headed the firm’s intellectual property practice. His projects have ranged from biotechnology patent arbitrations and telecommunications infrastructure transactions to information technology licensing agreements and environmental disputes. His primary legal expertise is in the area of government contracts and grants, where he has handled a wide variety of issues including audits, investigations (both civil and criminal), congressional inquiries, bid protests, change orders, performance disputes, cost accounting matters, and claims. He has litigated government contract cases in federal district courts and in the Court of Federal Claims. He has represented several Fortune 100 companies but developed a subspecialty representing nonprofits and research universities. He is a graduate of the University of Chicago Law School.

Linda Coleman is the associate vice provost for research policy and integrity at Stanford University, where she develops and implements strategies to manage compliance risks, strengthen research programs, and ensure adherence to evolving regulatory requirements. She oversees key areas including research security, export controls and global engagement review, conflict of interest and commitment, data governance and privacy, and responsible and ethical conduct of research. Before joining Stanford, Ms. Coleman was director of the Human Research Protection Program at Yale University. In this capacity, she oversaw the Institutional Review Board (IRB) and several non-IRB committees, such as the Radiation Drug Research Committee, Radiation Drug Investigation Committee, Institutional Conflict of Interest Committee (in collaboration with the Conflict of Interest Office), and the Embryonic Stem Cell Research Oversight Committee. Prior to Yale, she held progressive leadership roles, including vice president of legal and regulatory affairs and director of regulatory affairs and general counsel at Quorum Review/Kinetiq (now part of Advarra), an independent IRB and consulting firm serving institutional, independent, and international research sites. Earlier in her career, she was an attorney at Bennett, Bigelow & Leedom, specializing in general health law matters and employment law. Ms. Coleman has contributed to a number of national and international initiatives and served on a range of expert committees. Her work in these areas has included advising on policy development, shaping guidance, and

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Committee Biographical Sketches." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Simplifying Research Regulations and Policies: Optimizing American Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29231.

offering strategic input on scalable approaches that support both regulatory compliance and research excellence.

Kelvin Droegemeier is professor of climate, meteorology, and atmospheric sciences and special advisor to the chancellor for science and policy at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. He previously spent 38 years on the faculty at the University of Oklahoma, where he served for nearly a decade as vice president for research. He co-founded and directed one of the first 11 NSF Science and Technology Centers and co-founded an NSF Engineering Research Center. Dr. Droegemeier served as Oklahoma Cabinet secretary for science and technology as well as two terms on the National Science Board, the last 4 years as vice chairman. Most recently, he served as director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), science advisor to the president, and acting director of NSF. He is a fellow of the American Meteorological Society and AAAS and has served on and chaired numerous boards, including as chair of the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research and Southeastern Universities Research Association boards of trustees, and presently serves on the Board on Research Data and Information and the Committee on Science, Engineering, Medicine, and Public Policy of the National Academies. In 2023, Dr. Droegemeier authored a book titled Demystifying the Academic Research Enterprise.

Melanie Graham is a professor in the Department of Surgery at the University of Minnesota, where she serves as executive vice chair for research strategy and operations and vice chair for faculty development. She also directs the Preclinical Research Center and holds an adjunct appointment in veterinary population medicine. Dr. Graham is also faculty in the Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism and the Stem Cell Institute, and serves as graduate faculty across multiple programs. She trained in experimental surgery and epidemiology at the University of Minnesota and earned her PhD in animal modeling and welfare from the University of Utrecht. A primatologist by training, Dr. Graham’s research focuses on translational models for diabetes, immunotherapy, and cell- and gene-based therapies. Her program is supported by funding from federal agencies, foundations, state initiatives, and industry collaborations. Her work advances both scientific innovation and animal welfare, with the goal of delivering transformative therapies to patients in need. She holds the prestigious Goodale Chair in Minimally Invasive Surgery, a recognition of her contributions

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Committee Biographical Sketches." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Simplifying Research Regulations and Policies: Optimizing American Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29231.

to both surgical innovation and the field. Dr. Graham is nationally and internationally recognized for her leadership in research practice and policy. She has served on the National Academies’ Committee on Nonhuman Primate Model Systems and the UK Medical Research Council’s Scientific Landscape Review advisory group. She has held leadership roles on public and private Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees (IACUCs), the Academy of Surgical Research, and the 3Rs Collaborative. She has also contributed to several NIH advisory committees, including those for Fostering Rigorous Research: Lessons Learned from Nonhuman Primate Models, the Immunobiology of Xenotransplantation Program, and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Nonhuman Primate Transplantation Tolerance Cooperative Study Group. In addition, she regularly serves on NIH and other peer review panels and participated in U.S. Food and Drug Administration-sponsored scientific expert workshops.

Lisa Nichols is executive director of research security at the University of Notre Dame where she has oversight for research security, export controls, regulated data/controlled unclassified information, and facility security/classified research. She previously held roles at the NIH, NSF, OSTP, and Council on Governmental Relations (COGR) as well as the University of Pennsylvania and University of Michigan. At NSF, Dr. Nichols led the development of the report Reducing Investigators’ Administrative Workload for Federally Funded Research under the direction of the National Science Board’s Task Force on Administrative Burdens. At COGR she engaged with federal agencies across all compliance areas on behalf of institutions of higher education with a focus on regulatory reform as the director, Research and Regulatory Reform, and at OSTP as assistant director for Academic Engagement where she focused on research regulatory reform and agency coordination of emerging policy, including the development of National Security Presidential Memorandum-33. She served as principal investigator (PI) on an NSF cooperative agreement to develop research security training for the U.S. research community and currently serves as PI on a Safeguarding the Entire Community in the U.S. Research Ecosystem (SECURE) Center subaward as part of its national team to develop research security resources and tools using a community-centered approach. She is co-chair of the Federal Demonstration Partnership’s Research Security Subcommittee, consisting of both federal and institutional members, and a member of a higher education association science and security working group and the National Academies’ Assessing Research Security Efforts in Higher

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Committee Biographical Sketches." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Simplifying Research Regulations and Policies: Optimizing American Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29231.

Education Workshop Planning Committee. Dr. Nichols holds a PhD in neuroscience from Purdue University and is a former AAAS Science and Technology Policy fellow.

Julia Phillips retired from Sandia National Laboratories in 2015. She culminated her Sandia career by serving as vice president and chief technology officer. Earlier, she spent 14 years at AT&T Bell Laboratories where she performed leading-edge research in thin film epitaxial electronic materials and complex oxides. Dr. Phillips is a member and past home secretary of the National Academy of Engineering and fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Materials Research Society (past president), AAAS, and the American Physical Society (APS). She received the George E. Pake Prize from APS “for her leadership and pioneering research in materials physics for industrial and national security applications.” She received a BS degree in physics from William and Mary and a PhD in applied physics from Yale University. She currently advises the federal government and research organizations, communicates widely about science and engineering and its national importance, and mentors individuals and groups at diverse career and life stages. Dr. Phillips chairs the Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences Committee of the National Academies (2020–present) and is a member of the National Science Board (2016–2028). While on the National Science Board she has chaired the Committee on Science and Engineering Policy for 6 years and served as the vice chair of the Commission on Merit Review (2023–2025) and as vice chair of the Committee on Awards and Facilities.

Stacy Pritt serves as the associate vice chancellor and chief research compliance officer at the Texas A&M University System. In this position, she establishes research compliance policies and initiatives for research with animals, human participants, and biohazards, along with financial conflict of interest in research and research misconduct for 11 academic institutions and 8 state agencies. Previously, she worked in research compliance in industry and academia including the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Harvard Medical School. During her career, Dr. Pritt has given more than 100 professional lectures and authored or co-authored dozens of publications on the topics of research compliance, security, and administration as well as process improvement, research reproducibility, training, and management. She is the recipient of numerous awards for her training, speaking, and management activities including the American Association

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Committee Biographical Sketches." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Simplifying Research Regulations and Policies: Optimizing American Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29231.

for Laboratory Animal Science George R. Collins Award, TurnKey Leader of the Year Award, and Washington State University’s College of Veterinary Medicine Outstanding Service Alumni Award. In 2021, she was named as a Distinguished Faculty member for the Society of Research Administrators International. Dr. Pritt earned her BS degree in biology from the California State Polytechnic University at Pomona and her Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree from Washington State University. She has also earned additional degrees in business and management. She is board certified by the American College of Animal Welfare and is a Certified Professional in IACUC Administration. She has served in numerous leadership positions including vice president of the American Veterinary Medical Association, president of the American College of Animal Welfare, and president of the Laboratory Animal Welfare Training Exchange.

Stuart Shapiro is the dean of the Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy at Rutgers University. He has been a professor at the Bloustein School since 2003. Prior to that he worked at the federal Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs in the Office of Management and Budget from 1998 to 2003. Dean Shapiro is a nationally recognized expert on the federal regulatory process, the use of cost-benefit analysis in regulatory decision-making, and the Paperwork Reduction Act. He has written 4 books and more than 40 articles on these subjects. He received his PhD in public policy. In 2016, Dean Shapiro served on the National Academies committee that produced the report Optimizing the Nation’s Investment in Academic Research: A New Regulatory Framework for the 21st Century.

Christopher Viggiani is the associate vice president for research integrity at Oregon State University (OSU). Dr. Viggiani leads the Office of Research Integrity, integrating high ethical and professional standards into OSU’s research and innovation enterprise. He oversees programs on human research protections, animal welfare, export controls and international compliance, responsible research practices and misconduct, research security, conflicts of interest, biosafety, and more. Previously, he oversaw university policies and standards at OSU, managing university-wide policy development. Prior to joining OSU, Dr. Viggiani ran the biosafety and biosecurity policy program at NIH. Within the NIH Director’s Office of Science Policy, he worked with federal partners across the U.S. government to develop and implement federal policies that promote global health secu-

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Committee Biographical Sketches." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Simplifying Research Regulations and Policies: Optimizing American Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29231.

rity and advance emerging biotechnologies. He served as executive director of the National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity and helped lead the U.S. government’s deliberative process on dual-use research and gain-of-function studies involving pandemic pathogens. Dr. Viggiani earned a BS from Virginia Tech and a PhD in molecular biology from the University of Southern California and was a postdoctoral fellow at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. His research focused on DNA replication, chromosome stability, and telomeres.

Emanuel Waddell currently serves as professor and chair of the Department of Nanoengineering at North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University. Previously, he was a program officer at NSF (2019–2022) and associate dean of the College of Science at the University of Alabama in Huntsville (2015–2019). Dr. Waddell’s research focuses on analytical chemistry and materials science, with expertise in surface modification techniques for microfluidic systems and polymer substrates. His work has resulted in multiple patents in chemical modification of substrates and surface charge modification within polymer microchannels. He has secured over $1.5 million in competitive grants from agencies including NSF, NASA, and the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation. He received the NSF Director’s Award for Achievement in Equal Opportunity/Diversity and Inclusion (2021) and served as president of the National Organization for the Professional Advancement of Black Chemists and Chemical Engineers (2017–2019). He is also a life member of the Alabama Academy of Science. Dr. Waddell earned his PhD in analytical chemistry from Louisiana State University, MS in physical chemistry from the University of Rochester, and BS in chemistry and physics from Morehouse College, with postdoctoral training at the National Institute of Standards and Technology.

Stephen Willard is currently the CEO of ICaPath, Inc., a biotechnology company focused on curing cancer through immunostimulation. He has spent more than 30 years leading biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies in both the United States and France. His experience includes government grant funding, successful IPOs (initial public offerings) and financial market transactions in the hundreds of millions of dollars. He has been the CEO of both private and public companies in the biopharmaceutical sector. He has practiced law in New York, London, and Washington, DC, and was an investment banker for a time. He has developed, executed, and

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Committee Biographical Sketches." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Simplifying Research Regulations and Policies: Optimizing American Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29231.

managed multinational partnerships and corporate transactions worldwide. Mr. Willard was a member of the board of directors of E*TRADE Financial and/or its bank from 2000 to 2014, where he had stints as chairman of the Bank Audit Committee, head of the Risk Oversight Committee, and vice chairman. He is highly experienced with boards of directors on both the management and outside board member roles. He has a background in financial institutions, having served as associate director of resolutions for the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, a Senior Executive Service-2-level position, from 1991 to 1994. He managed the resolution of the nation’s largest troubled banks during this period. His decisions were favorably reviewed in multiple U.S. Government Accountability Office audits. Mr. Willard is a member of the National Science Board’s class of 2018–2024.

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Committee Biographical Sketches." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Simplifying Research Regulations and Policies: Optimizing American Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29231.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Committee Biographical Sketches." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Simplifying Research Regulations and Policies: Optimizing American Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29231.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Committee Biographical Sketches." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Simplifying Research Regulations and Policies: Optimizing American Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29231.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Committee Biographical Sketches." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Simplifying Research Regulations and Policies: Optimizing American Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29231.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Committee Biographical Sketches." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Simplifying Research Regulations and Policies: Optimizing American Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29231.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Committee Biographical Sketches." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Simplifying Research Regulations and Policies: Optimizing American Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29231.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Committee Biographical Sketches." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Simplifying Research Regulations and Policies: Optimizing American Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29231.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Committee Biographical Sketches." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Simplifying Research Regulations and Policies: Optimizing American Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29231.
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