Standing Committee on the Use of Emerging Science for Environmental Health Decisions

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The rapid proliferation of wearable devices that gather data on physical activity and physiology has become commonplace across various sectors of society. Concurrently, the development of advanced wearables and sensors capable of detecting a multitude of compounds presents new opportunities for monitoring environmental exposure risks. Wearable technologies are additionally showing promise in disease prediction, detection, and management, thereby offering potential advancements in the interdisciplinary fields of both environmental health and biomedicine.

To gain insight into this burgeoning field, on June 1 and 2, 2023, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine organized a 2-day virtual workshop titled Developing Wearable Technologies to Advance Understanding of Precision Environmental Health. Experts from government, industry, and academia convened to discuss emerging applications and the latest advances in wearable technologies. The workshop aimed to explore the potential of wearables in capturing, monitoring, and predicting environmental exposures and risks to inform precision environmental health.

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12 pages · 8.5 x 11 ·
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-70743-9
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/27178

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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Developing Wearable Technologies to Advance Understanding of Precision Environmental Health: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

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The convergence of artificial intelligence (AI), biotechnology, and biomedical big data holds promise to transform understanding of human health and disease. Driven by the increasing availability and ability to generate, collect, and analyze environmental and biomedical data along with advanced computing power, AI and machine learning (ML) applications are rapidly developing in research and health. To explore opportunities for leveraging emerging developments in AI and ML to advance multimodal data integration, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a workshop titled Advances in Multimodal Artificial Intelligence to Enhance Environmental and Biomedical Data Integration on June 14-15, 2023. The workshop focused on recent developments in AI and other data-driven approaches to integrate biomedical and environmental health data; the exploration of promising applications in human health and disease; and the ethical, social, and policy implications and challenges of health data collection and integration. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions of the workshop.

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10 pages · 8.5 x 11 ·
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-70812-5
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/27202

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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Advances in Multimodal Artificial Intelligence to Enhance Environmental and Biomedical Data Integration: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

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To examine the potential role of companion animals as sentinels of relevant, shared environmental exposures that may affect human aging and cancer, the National Cancer Policy Forum held a workshop in collaboration with the Forum on Aging, Disability, and Independence and the Standing Committee on the Use of Emerging Science for Environmental Health Decisions to explore this promising and underutilized pathway for research. Presentations and panel discussions covered the current state of the science and pathways for accelerating research, along with opportunities and challenges for using this novel translational approach to exposure science to advance human health. This Proceedings of a Workshop outlines the presentations and discussions that occurred during the workshop.

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172 pages · 6 x 9 · paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-68794-2
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-68795-0
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/26547

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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Companion Animals as Sentinels for Predicting Environmental Exposure Effects on Aging and Cancer Susceptibility in Humans: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

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Pathogens are the cause of infectious diseases, but the environment can play an important role in influencing the conditions under which pathogens spread and cause harm. Understanding the complex interplay among people, pathogens, and the environment - broadly encompassing the chemical, biological, physical, and social surroundings - can lead to a more complete picture of where and how infectious diseases emerge, how they spread, and how to respond to outbreaks.

The virtual workshop Pivotal Interfaces of Environmental Health and Infectious Disease Research to Inform Responses to Outbreaks, Epidemics, and Pandemics was held on June 8-9, 2021. This workshop provided a venue for experts in infectious diseases, environmental health, and data science from government, academia, and the private sector to examine current knowledge about the environment-infectious disease interface and to explore how this knowledge can be used to inform public health decisions. Key workshop topics included how advances in environmental exposure assessments can be applied to identify, predict, and monitor critical infectious disease exposure pathways, and how climate and environmental modeling techniques can be applied to better understand the biology and transmission dynamics of pathogens and provide early warning of emerging threats. In addition, workshop sessions explored critical data gaps at the environment-infectious disease interface and provided insight on how new and emerging techniques can be applied to address those data gaps, especially through the integration of tools used in environmental health and infectious disease research. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.

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12 pages · 8.5 x 11 ·
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-08750-3
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/26270

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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Pivotal Interfaces of Environmental Health and Infectious Disease Research to Inform Responses to Outbreaks, Epidemics, and Pandemics: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

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Leveraging Advances in Remote Geospatial Technologies to Inform Precision Environmental Health Decisions, a virtual workshop held on April 14-15, 2021, explored how advances in geospatial technologies can inform precision environmental health, the targeted public health interventions that reach the right populations at the right time. The workshop was organized by a planning committee of the Standing Committee on the Use of Emerging Science for Environmental Health Decisions, a National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine program that examines and discusses issues regarding the use of new science, tools, and methodologies for environmental health research and decisions. The workshop included plenary and scientific presentations that focused on technical advances and applications of remote geospatial technologies in environmental health. The workshop was organized around three main sessions: leveraging geospatial technologies to advance environmental justice and health equity; personalizing exposure science to improve environmental health; and geospatial science for preparing for and responding to environmental disasters. The workshop's final session centered on breakout discussions on major cross-cutting themes including data availability; data integration; training and capacity building; and privacy and ethics. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.

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12 pages · 8.5 x 11 ·
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-08696-5
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/26265

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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Leveraging Advances in Remote Geospatial Technologies to Inform Precision Environmental Health Decisions: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

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Mounting evidence shows that the environment can play an important role in mental health, yet comparatively few studies have focused on the mental or behavioral health outcomes of environmental stressors. The Interplay Between Environmental Exposures and Mental Health Outcomes, a virtual workshop held on February 2-3, 2021, provided mental health and environmental health research experts from government, academia, and the private sector with the opportunity to explore emerging research on the relationships between environmental exposures and mental health. Workshop presentations covered a broad array of the diverse makeup of environmental exposures, including those that are chemical, biological, or physical, and either natural or human-made in origin. Furthermore, while the historical definition of an environmental exposure refers to a contact that causes a negative health effect, some presenters highlighted how a person's environment can lead to positive mental health outcomes. Workshop participants also discussed approaches to better integrate mental and behavioral health into multidisciplinary considerations of environmental health; considered how mental and behavioral health impacts could become part of environmental risk assessments and public health choices; and highlighted new tools and technologies to assess ways in which the environment can affect mental health. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief provides the rapporteurs' high-level summary of the topics addressed in the workshop and suggestions provided by workshop participants for ways of integrating mental and behavioral health research and environmental research.

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12 pages · 8.5 x 11 ·
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-68014-X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/26201

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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. The Interplay Between Environmental Exposures and Mental Health Outcomes: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

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Biomarkers of effect are measurable changes in an individual that indicate health impairment or disease. Although biomarkers have long been a crucial part of medical practice - blood pressure is a simple example - researchers have recently identified a variety of new biomarkers that signal the presence of conditions such as nervous system damage, autoimmune disorders, and cancer. Of particular interest is the potential of these new biomarkers to measure adverse health effects that may arise from exposure to environmental pollutants.

On August 12-13, 2020, the Standing Committee on the Use of Emerging Science for Environmental Health Decisions of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a 2-day workshop to explore how new biomarker approaches can be applied to understanding the consequences of environmental exposures and improve environmental health decisions. The workshop brought together a multidisciplinary group, including experts in public health, environmental health, clinical medicine, and health disparities to discuss the state of the art in biomarkers and health. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief summarizes the workshop presentations and the discussions that took place among the participants.

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16 pages · 8.5 x 11 ·
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-68425-0
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/25962

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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Predicting Human Health Effects from Environmental Exposures: Applying Translatable and Accessible Biomarkers of Effect: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

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Understanding and ensuring healthy aging has become increasingly important as the human life span increases with each decade. The need to better understand the role of environmental exposures in the development of aging-related diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and dementia, is now an important driver for research at the intersection of aging and environmental health. With that in mind, on June 9-10, 2020, the Standing Committee on the Use of Emerging Science for Environmental Health Decisions of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a 1.5-day workshop to explore how environmental exposures influence or mediate aging and how aging influences environmentally mediated health outcomes. The workshop brought together a multidisciplinary group of experts who described the current state of knowledge in the field as well as ideas for next steps including research opportunities and needs, enabling technologies and analytical tools, and mechanisms to anticipate and use new data to inform environmental health decisions. This Proceedings of a Workshop in Brief summarizes the invited speakers' presentations and the discussion periods that followed each session.

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14 pages · 8.5 x 11 ·
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-68190-1
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/25908

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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Integrating the Science of Aging and Environmental Health Research: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

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Plastics have become incredibly important in the modern world and are used for purposes for which other materials are unsuitable. As a result, demand for plastics is expected to increase globally for the foreseeable future. However, tiny bits of plastics, known as microplastics, have been increasing in the environment–in the air, water, soil, and food. As yet, relatively little is known about the health effects of these microplastics. On January 27-28, 2020, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop to explore emerging technologies to advance research on and improve decisions about the environmental health effects of microplastics. The workshop brought together a multidisciplinary group of experts in environmental health, the presence and behavior of plastics in the environment, agriculture, wastewater treatment, and science policy to discuss what is known about microplastics and environmental health, what research is needed to fill gaps in current knowledge, and how emerging science could help address these gaps to provide an improved basis for public policy. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

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12 pages · 8.5 x 11 ·
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-68024-7
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/25862

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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Emerging Technologies to Advance Research and Decisions on the Environmental Health Effects of Microplastics: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

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Artificial intelligence (AI) is a technological invention that promises to transform everyday life and the world. Investment and enthusiasm for AI—or the ability of machines to carry out "smart" tasks—are driven largely by advancements in the subfield of machine learning. Machine learning algorithms can analyze large volumes of complex data to find patterns and make predictions, often exceeding the accuracy and efficiency of people who are attempting the same task. Powered by a tremendous growth in data collection and availability as well as computing power and accessibility, AI and machine learning applications are becoming commonplace in many aspects of modern society, as well as in a growing number of scientific disciplines.

On June 6-7, 2019, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a 2-day workshop to explore emerging applications and implications of AI and machine learning in environmental health research and decisions. Speakers highlighted the use of AI and machine learning to characterize sources of pollution, predict chemical toxicity, and estimate human exposures to contaminants, among other applications. Though promising, questions remain about the use of AI and machine learning in environmental health research and public policy decisions. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

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12 pages · 8.5 x 11 ·
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-49543-1
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/25520

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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Leveraging Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning to Advance Environmental Health Research and Decisions: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

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Infectious diseases are among the top five leading causes of death worldwide. Scientists have long known that the environment plays a defining role in the emergence and spread of infectious diseases. However, the relationships among human exposures to environmental pollution; rapid environmental change; and the emergence, spread, and persistence of infectious diseases are not yet well understood. Emerging findings suggest that exposure to environmental pollutants such as airborne particulate matter, industrial chemicals, and heavy metals may alter the immune system, increasing human susceptibility to infection. New research findings show that the microbiome of humans and ecosystems also play important roles in infection. Nonetheless, the fields of environmental health and infectious diseases largely operate distinctly from one another even though research on the interplay between these fields could inform new health practices, public health research, and public health policy.

On January 15-16, 2019, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a 2-day workshop to explore emerging evidence on the interactions among environmental stressors, infectious diseases, and human health. The workshop brought together a multidisciplinary group, including experts in infectious disease, global public health, toxicology, epidemiology, and science policy, to discuss the emerging science and its implications for decisions about research and public policy. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

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12 pages · 8.5 x 11 ·
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-49467-2
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/25493

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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Toward Understanding the Interplay of Environmental Stressors, Infectious Diseases, and Human Health: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

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Over the past decade, single-molecule and single-cell technologies have rapidly advanced healthcare research by enabling scientists to isolate individual cells. On March 7-8, 2019, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a 2-day workshop to explore new single-cell and single-molecule analysis technologies. The participants discussed different uses of new cell technologies, valuable tools and lessons for data analysis, the challenges of translating single-cell genomics to the clinic, and applications in environmental health. This publication briefly summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

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12 pages · 8.5 x 11 ·
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-49466-4
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/25492

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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. The Promise of Single-Cell and Single-Molecule Analysis Tools to Advance Environmental Health Research: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

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Integrating large quantities of data from multiple, disparate sources can create new opportunities to understand complex environmental health questions. Currently, efforts are under way to develop methods to reliably integrate data from sources or designed experiments that are not traditionally used in environmental health research, such as electronic health records (EHRs), geospatial datasets, and crowd-based sources. However, combining new types and larger quantities of data to inform a specific decision also presents many new challenges.

On February 20-21, 2018, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop to explore the promise and potential pitfalls of environmental health data integration. The workshop brought together a multidisciplinary group of scientists, policy makers, risk assessors, and regulators to discuss the topic. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

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11 pages · 8.5 x 11 ·
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-47728-X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/25139

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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Informing Environmental Health Decisions Through Data Integration: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

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Advances in genome editing - the process for making precise additions, deletions, and alterations of DNA and RNA - have opened the door for studying biological mechanisms of health and disease. On January 10-11, 2018, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Standing Committee on Emerging Science for Environmental Health Decisions held a 2-day workshop to explore what role genome and epigenome editing tools could play in advancing environmental health research and decision-making. This publication highlights the presentation and discussion of the workshop.

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12 pages · 8.5 x 11 ·
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-47715-8
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/25136

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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. The Promise of Genome Editing Tools to Advance Environmental Health Research: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

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Advances in new tools and tests of chemical toxicity—from high throughput, cell-based, in vitro studies to tissue chips to environment-wide association studies—have led to a new understanding about the effects of chemical exposures in humans. These new approaches are faster, less expensive, and increasingly more relevant to human exposures than legacy animal toxicity testing approaches. Additionally, the passage of the Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act (Lautenberg Act), which amends the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), has encouraged opportunities for industry and government agencies to use data from emerging toxicity testing approaches, particularly in risk assessment and analysis contexts. However, many questions remain about whether and how to make the paradigm shift away from traditional approaches and toward using new data streams as the basis for the wide array of research, policy, and regulatory decisions facing the environmental health field.

On November 20-22, 2017, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a 2-day workshop to explore key factors that influence how scientists, policy makers, risk assessors, and regulators incorporate new science into their decisions. This workshop aimed to raise awareness about the questions and trade-offs that need to be addressed in order to facilitate a systematic use of data from new and emerging approaches to toxicity testing to maximize confidence and public health protection. This publication briefly summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

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8 pages · 8.5 x 11 ·
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-47714-X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/25135

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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Understanding Pathways to a Paradigm Shift in Toxicity Testing and Decision-Making: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

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Scientific tools and capabilities to examine relationships between environmental exposure and health outcomes have advanced and will continue to evolve. Researchers are using various tools, technologies, frameworks, and approaches to enhance our understanding of how data from the latest molecular and bioinformatic approaches can support causal frameworks for regulatory decisions. For this reason, on March 6-7, 2017, the National Academies' Standing Committee on Emerging Science for Environmental Health Decisions, held a 2-day workshop to explore advances in causal understanding for human health risk-based decision-making. The workshop aimed to explore different causal inference models, how they were conceived and are applied, new frameworks and tools for determining causality, and ultimately discussed gaps, challenges, and opportunities for integrating new data streams for determining causality. This workshop brought together environmental health researchers, toxicologists, statisticians, social scientists, epidemiologists, business and consumer representatives, science policy experts, and professionals from other fields who utilize different data streams for establishing causality in complex systems to discuss the topics outlined above. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief summarizes the discussions that took place at the workshop.

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12 pages · 8.5 x 11 ·
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-47126-5
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/25004

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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Advances in Causal Understanding for Human Health Risk-Based Decision-Making: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

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Increased access to personal biological testing and advances in personal sensor technologies are enabling members of the public to gather data about their individual and their communities' environmental exposures. The members of the public who are using these devices and are gathering data are private users wanting to learn about their personal exposures, citizen scientists wanting to engage in research and learn more about their communities, or people working with researchers at an institution doing community-based participatory research. These trends are enhanced by the growing value that society places on open and transparent research and data sharing. They also raise a wide range of questions about how data on individual or community-based environmental exposures can be used to inform decisions about health and policies at the level of the individual, a research institution, a private company, a regulatory body, or society at large.

In November 2016, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a 2-day workshop to explore the implications of producing and accessing individual- and community-level environmental exposure data in the United States. This publication briefly summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

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9 pages · 8.5 x 11 ·
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-45657-6
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/24711

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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Measuring Personal Environmental Exposures: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

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Intrinsic variability across the human population is associated with variable responses to environmental stressors. Understanding both the sources and the magnitude of the variability is a key challenge for scientists and for decision makers. Understanding such variations has long been a key consideration for those tasked with risk-based decisions. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, sponsored by the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, held its second workshop on interindividual variability on September 30 and October 1, 2015 in Washington, DC. The workshop highlighted state-of-the-art tools for studying variations. These tools include in vitro toxicology methods using highly diverse human cell lines, in vivo methods using highly diverse animal populations, and epidemiologic analytical approaches. The workshop focused on interindividual variability due to intrinsic differences in responses to chemical exposures rather than on variability due to differences in exposure.

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12 pages · 8.5 x 11 ·
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-43831-4
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/23413

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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Interindividual Variability: New Ways to Study and Implications for Decision Making: Workshop in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

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Metabolomics, the scientific study of small molecules produced from metabolism (metabolites) is a rapidly expanding area of research that enables scientists to better understand the physiological state of an organism and its response to different types of stimuli, including nutrients and pollutants. Metabolism is the array of chemical reactions that occur within a living organism to support its ability to grow, reproduce, and respond to environmental exposures, among other processes necessary to sustain life. Metabolites can be created in response to chemicals that originate endogenously (inside the body) or exogenously (outside of the body). Preliminary research suggests that metabolomics holds promise to advance understanding of the exposome. The exposome includes all of the environmental compounds an individual is exposed to from conception to death. This environmental correlate to the genome, first described in 2005 by Christopher Wild, includes people's exposure to complex mixtures of chemicals, as well as the substances that can be produced in the body when chemicals are metabolized.

For this reason, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop to examine the potential for using metabolomics to characterize human environmental exposures and the exposome. Proofs-of-concept were discussed in two case studies on the cause of human Eosinophilic esophagitis and the effect of toxic pollutants on pregnancy in rats. Key workshop themes included technical capabilities and limitations to collect metabolomics data and the implications of this new source of data for future environmental and public health research and public health policies.

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12 pages · 8.5 x 11 ·
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-43832-2
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/23414

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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Use of Metabolomics to Advance Research on Environmental Exposures and the Human Exposome: Workshop in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

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Climate change poses risks to human health and well-being through shifting weather patterns, increases in frequency and intensity of heat waves and other extreme weather events, rising sea levels, ocean acidification, and other environmental effects. Those risks occur against a backdrop of changing socioeconomic conditions, medical technology, population demographics, environmental conditions, and other factors that are important in determining health. Models of health risks that reflect how health determinants and climate changes vary in time and space are needed so that we can inform adaptation efforts and reduce or prevent adverse health effects. Robust health risk models could also help to inform national and international discussions about climate policies and the economic consequences of action and inaction.

Interest in resolving some of the challenges facing health effects modelers and health scientists led the National Research Council's Standing Committee on Emerging Science for Environmental Health Decisions to hold a workshop on November 3-4, 2014, in Washington, DC, to explore new approaches to modeling the human health risks of climate change. Throughout the workshop, the discussions highlighted examples of current application of models, research gaps, lessons learned, and potential next steps to improve modeling of health risks associated with climate change. Modeling the Health Risks of Climate Change summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.

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49 pages · 8.5 x 11 · paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-37098-1
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-37099-X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/21705

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National Research Council. 2015. Modeling the Health Risks of Climate Change: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

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The Interplay Between Environmental Exposures and Mental Health Outcomes - A Workshop

This virtual workshop brought together experts in mental health and environmental health research to explore emerging research on the relationship, harmful or beneficial, between environmental factors and mental health.

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Developing Wearable Technologies to Advance Understanding of Precision Environmental Health: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief

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