Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition (2025)
Chapter: Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs
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3 Risk Allocation Strategies
Next Chapter: Appendix B: Additional Tools for Progressive APD Methods
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix A: Potential Tools for Fixed-Price APDs." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Alternative Project Delivery Methods: Assessing and Allocating Risk to Increase Competition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29284.
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