APPENDIX A

State Survey Questions

Questionnaire

Dear Department Pavement Maintenance Professional:

The Transportation Research Board (TRB) is preparing a synthesis on maintenance practices for wide transverse cracks and wide longitudinal cracks and joints in flexible and composite (asphalt overlays of concrete) pavements. This is being done for the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP), under the sponsorship of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA).

The objective of this synthesis is to document practices used by state DOTs for flexible and composite pavement maintenance for wide transverse and longitudinal cracks and joints.

Information to be gathered includes (but is not limited to):

• Products and methods used.
• Cost data for different treatment methods and materials.
• When does the crack become large enough that traditional sealing is not advisable.
• Written policies, definitions, specifications, decision processes, and guidelines related to treatments of wide cracks and joints.
• Use of cost-effectiveness analyses to select treatment methods.
• Application records (e.g., year, pavement type, traffic, or condition) from different climatic zones.
• Impact of different applications and treatments on pavement service life, treatment cost and benefits, and performance measures such as ride quality, noise, and skid resistance.
• Written procedures for acceptance and quality assurance of new or current maintenance materials (e.g., testing, inspection, or traceability).
• Performance records of related pavement maintenance products and techniques for wide cracks.

The overall purpose of this project is to gather information about how Departments of Transportation (DOT) define wide cracks, how they specify materials and procedures for their repair, and what performance such treatments has provided. To accomplish this, the attached questionnaire has been prepared to identify and summarize practices related to the maintenance of wide transverse cracks and wide longitudinal joints and cracks. The results of the survey will be incorporated into a synthesis of practice, with the intent of helping DOTs evaluate and improve the maintenance of wide cracks and joints on asphalt and composite pavements.

One of the purposes of this questionnaire is to identify how DOTs define and treat wide flexible pavement-surfaced pavement cracks and joints. These wide cracks and joints are generally defined as those that are wider than can be effectively repaired by conventional crack or joint sealing efforts, but narrower than those that require remove-and-replace patching procedures. However, to aid respondents, general definitions of key terms are provided following this message. This questionnaire does not cover emergency repairs.

In general, this survey is being sent to the DOT’s maintenance engineer. If you are not the appropriate person at your organization to complete this questionnaire, please forward it to the correct person.

We respectfully request that you complete and submit this survey by February 19, 2024. We estimate that it should take no more than 20 minutes to complete. It is designed so you can exit and return to the survey if you need to allocate your time over several days. If you have any questions or problems related to this questionnaire, please contact the Principal Investigator, Mr. David Peshkin.

Thank you for your time and for sharing your experience by completing this questionnaire.

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Thank you for your time and expertise in completing this important questionnaire.

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Definitions

Wide transverse crack – a full-width crack oriented perpendicular to the pavement centerline that is wider than can be effectively sealed with ASTM D6690-defined crack sealants.

Transverse cracks may also be referred to as working cracks in that they open and close with changes in temperature.

Wide transverse cracks include cracks found in asphalt concrete pavements and in composite (asphalt overlays of concrete) pavements. Wide transverse cracks in composite pavements are further identified as reflection cracks when they are located above underlying joints or cracks in the concrete pavement; wide transverse reflection cracks are included by reference in this questionnaire.

Wide longitudinal crack – a wide crack oriented parallel to the pavement centerline. These include reflection cracks over longitudinal joints in composite pavements.

Wide longitudinal joint – a crack in an asphalt-surfaced pavement, parallel to the pavement centerline, that corresponds to the location of the longitudinal edge of the paver during asphalt construction. Also referred to as longitudinal paving joints or seams, these are found between paving lanes and therefore can appear between trafficked lanes or between a trafficked lane and the pavement shoulder. Longitudinal joints, which often do not appear until several years after construction, are characterized by their straightness and uniformity.

This questionnaire only addresses the sealing of these wide cracks, and not cracking or crack patterns associated with block cracking, alligator cracking, edge cracking, slippage cracking, or other types or patterns of cracking in asphalt-surfaced pavements.

Crack repair – a maintenance activity consisting of a specified material, crack preparation method, and application procedure that does not include emergency repairs.

Survey Questions

Respondent Information

Name:

Title:

State Department of Transportation:

Phone number:

E-mail address:

Procedures, Materials, and Specifications

1. Does the DOT distinguish between narrow cracks suitable for conventional sealants and fillers (typically complying with ASTM D6690 and ASTM D5078) and wide cracks where sealants and fillers are not able to adequately seal the pavement?
   • Yes.
   • No.
     1. If yes, what is the minimum width of a wide transverse crack no longer suitable for conventional crack sealing/filling?
        • 3/4 to 1 inch.
        • > 1 inch to 1.5 inches.
        • > 1.5 inches to 2 inches.
        • 2 inches or greater.
        • Other.
     2. If yes, what is the minimum width of a wide longitudinal joint or crack no longer suitable for conventional crack sealing/filling?
        • 3/4 to 1 inch.
        • > 1 inch to 1.5 inches.
        • > 1.5 inches to 2 inches.
        • 2 inches or greater.
        • Other.
     3. If no, does the DOT define a wide crack, regardless of orientation?
        • Yes, what is that width? _________ inches.
        • No.
          If no, skip logic takes respondent to [Thank you for your response] page (end survey) after answering 1d.
     4. Does the DOT have a method of distinguishing and treating wide cracks?
2. How is a wide transverse or longitudinal crack (defined by the widths given in Question 1) detected in the field? Check all that apply.

   Visual assessment.

   Physical measurement.

   Review of images collected by data collection vehicle.

   Identified in the field by DOT staff prior to repair.

2. Identified in the field by contractor prior to repair.

   Other ______________.

3. Does the DOT have specifications, guidelines, or other written documentation describing the materials and/or procedures used to repair wide transverse cracks or longitudinal joints/cracks?
   • Yes.
   • No.
     
     If yes, Please share the documentation via one of the following methods:
     • Email to David Peshkin.
     • Provide link to files in comments field below.
     • Upload now (Up to 10 files at 25MB each can be loaded one at a time using the Browse button).
4. Does the DOT have specifications, guidelines, or other written documentation describing how does the presence of defects (other than crack width) affect the decision to repair wide cracks?
   • Yes.
   • No.
   1. If yes, Please share the documentation via one of the following methods:
      • Email to David Peshkin.
      • Provide link to files in comments field below.
      • Upload now (Up to 10 files at 25MB each can be loaded one at a time using the Browse button).
   2. For each defect covered in the documentation, select either no impact, change from crack repair to patch, change from crack repair to other, or other impact for:

Wide Transverse Crack:

Wide Longitudinal Joint/Crack:

Wide transverse cracks

5. Has the DOT established any of the following limits for when transverse cracks are too wide to effectively be treated by wide crack repair technique(s)?
   • Less than 2 inches.
   • 2 inches to < 3 inches.
   • 3 inches to < 4 inches.
   • 4 inches or greater.
   • Other ____________ inches.
   • No limit established.
6. Does the DOT have written guidance identifying different transverse crack width limits based on any of the following: traffic volume, roadway classification, climatic region/environmental zone, or other?
   • Yes.
   • No.

If Yes, please complete the tables below or provide the guidelines.

1. Please share the guidance via one of the following methods:
   • Email to David Peshkin.
   • Provide link to files in comments field below.
   • Upload now (Up to 10 files at 25MB each can be loaded one at a time using the Browse button).

7. Based on the DOT’s criteria for identifying wide transverse cracks, what materials are used to treat wide transverse cracks? Select all that apply.

   Crack sealant or filler complying with ASTM D6690 or D5078.

   Crack sealant or filler other than ASTM-compliant materials.

   Mastic complying with ASTM D8260.

   Mastic complying with DOT specification.

   Sealing material extended with sand or other aggregate.

   Other ____________.

8. Do the materials specified and used vary based on any of the following: traffic volume, roadway classification, climatic region/environmental zone, other?
   • Yes.
   • No.
     
     If yes, please identify how materials vary using the following table.

• If these criteria are based on written guidelines, please provide a link to that documentation.
  • Email to David Peshkin.
  • Provide link to files in comments field below.
  • Upload now (Up to 10 files at 25MB each can be loaded one at a time using the Browse button).

9. What wide transverse crack repair materials are on the DOT’s approved product list? Please indicate or provide a link to that segment of the DOT’s approved product list:

   Material 1 ___________.

   Material 2 ___________.

   Material 3 ___________.

   None.

   Link to list ___________.

10. Are there wide transverse crack repair materials that are not yet on the approved product list that the DOT has used, such as in pilot projects, in the laboratory, or on pavements?
    • Yes (Please list).
      • Material 1 ___________.
      • Material 2 ___________.
      • Material 3 ___________.
    • No.

Wide Longitudinal Joints and Cracks

11. Based on the DOT’s criteria for identifying wide longitudinal joints or cracks, what materials are used to treat wide longitudinal cracks or joints? Select all that apply.

    Crack sealant or filler complying with ASTM D6690 or D5078.

    Crack sealant or filler other than ASTM-compliant materials.

    Mastic complying with ASTM D8260.

    Mastic complying with DOT specification.

    Asphalt concrete (in a mill and patch scenario).

    Micro surface or slurry (in a mill and patch scenario).

    Sealing material extended with sand or other aggregate.

    Other ___________.

12. Has the DOT established limits for when longitudinal joints or cracks are too wide to effectively be treated by wide crack repair technique(s)?
    • Less than 2 inches.
    • 2 inches to < 3 inches.
    • 3 inches to < 4 inches.
    • 4 inches or greater.
    • Other ____________ inches.
    • No limit established (go to question 16).
13. Do the longitudinal crack or joint width limits vary based on any of the following: traffic volume, roadway classification, climatic region/environmental zone, other?
    • Yes.
    • No.

If Yes, please identify criterion value and limit in the following table.

13. If these criteria are based on written guidelines, please provide a link to that documentation.
    • Email to David Peshkin.
    • Provide link to files in comments field below.
    • Upload now (Up to 10 files at 25MB each can be loaded one at a time using the Browse button).
14. What wide longitudinal crack or joint repair materials are on the DOT’s approved product list? Please indicate all products or provide a link to that segment of the DOT’s approved list:

    Material 1 ___________.

    Material 2 ___________.

    Material 3 ___________.

    None.

    Link to list ___________.

15. Are there longitudinal crack or joint repair materials that are not yet on the approved product list that the DOT has used, such as in pilot programs, in the laboratory or on pavements?
    • Yes (Please list).
      • Material 1 ___________.
      • Material 2 ___________.
      • Material 3 ___________.
    • No.

Placement Techniques

16. What crack preparation technique(s) is used for treating wide transverse cracks? Select all that apply.

    Clean crack with compressed air.

    Clean and dry crack with a hot air lance.

    Remove loose material with a jackhammer.

    Remove loose material by milling.

    None (treatment applied directly over wide crack).

    Other ____________.

Wide Crack Repair Performance

17. What measures are used to assess how long a wide transverse crack or wide longitudinal joint/crack repair performs (i.e., how long it remains effective)? Select all that apply.

    Material displacement/loss.

    Material deterioration [e.g., cracking, raveling, debonding from surrounding pavement (adhesive failure)].

    Continued widening of crack or joint, leaving a gap between repair and pavement.

    None (no measure).

    Other ___________.

18. Has the DOT constructed test sections to evaluate the performance, cost-effectiveness, or other characteristics of wide transverse crack and longitudinal joint or crack repair materials and procedures?
    • Yes.
    • No.

      If Yes, please provide any reports or a link to such reports.

      • Email to David Peshkin.
      • Provide link to files in comments field below.
      • Upload now (Up to 10 files at 25MB each can be loaded one at a time using the Browse button).
19. Has the DOT evaluated the cost-effectiveness of wide transverse crack and longitudinal joint or crack repair materials and procedures other than through test sections (e.g., analysis of in-place performance)?
    • Yes (please provide any reports or a link to such reports).
    • No.

      If Yes, please provide any reports or a link to such reports.

      • Email to David Peshkin.
      • Provide link to files in comments field below.
      • Upload now (Up to 10 files at 25MB each can be loaded one at a time using the Browse button).
20. What is the typical performance life (that is, how long does the treatment remain effective) for wide transverse crack repair materials and techniques? (for each material/technique given previously)
    • Less than 1 year.
    • 1 to 3 years.
    • 4 to 6 years.
    • 7 to 10 years.
    • Unknown.
    • Insufficient performance life data.

    Comments:

21. What is the typical performance life (that is, how long does the treatment remain effective) for wide longitudinal crack and joint repair materials and techniques? (for each material/technique given previously)
    • Less than 1 year.
    • 1 to 3 years.
    • 4 to 6 years.
    • 7 to 10 years.
    • Unknown.
    • Insufficient performance life data.

    Comments:

22. Has the DOT observed any impact of wide transverse crack repairs on surface performance measures?
    1. Roughness.
       • Pavement is smoother.
       • Pavement is rougher.
       • No impact.
       • Unknown.
    2. Friction.
       • Friction is improved.
       • Friction decreases.
       • No impact.
       • Unknown.
    3. Noise.
       • Pavement noise increases.
       • Pavement noise decreases.
       • No impact.
       • Unknown.

Costs

23. For each wide transverse crack repair procedure/material, what is the approximate in-place repair cost (materials and installation costs only) per linear foot? (textboxes for up to 6)
    • Procedure/Material ___________.
    • Cost / foot ___________.
24. For each wide longitudinal crack or joint repair procedure/material, what is the approximate in-place repair cost (materials and installation costs only) per linear foot? (textboxes for up to 6)
    • Procedure/Material ___________.
    • Cost / foot ___________.
25. As a follow-up to this questionnaire, we are interested in interviewing selected respondents for case examples. Would you be willing to participate in a case example interview, if selected?
    • Yes.
    • No.