Assessment of Technologies for Improving Light-Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy—2025-2035 (2021)
Chapter: Appendix D: Acronyms
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Suggested Citation:
"Appendix D: Acronyms." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Assessment of Technologies for Improving Light-Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy—2025-2035. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/26092.
D
Acronyms
| A/C | air conditioning |
| AC | alternating current |
| ACC | adaptive cruise control |
| ACE | Affordable Clean Energy |
| ACEEE | American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy |
| ADAS | advanced driver assistance system |
| AEM/AAEM | anion exchange membrane/alkaline anion exchange membrane |
| AEMFC | anion exchange membrane fuel cell |
| AFDC | Alternative Fuels Data Center |
| AFV | alternative fuel vehicle |
| AGS | active grill shutter |
| AHSS | advanced high-strength steel |
| AI | artificial intelligence |
| AMFA | Alternative Motor Fuels Act |
| ANL | Argonne National Laboratory |
| ARPA-E | Advanced Research Projects Agency—Energy |
| AV | autonomous vehicle |
| AVM | around-view monitor |
| AWD | all-wheel drive |
| BEV | battery electric vehicle |
| BiSG | belt integrated starter generator |
| BMEP | brake mean effective pressure |
| BMS | battery management system |
| BOL | beginning of life |
| BOP | balance-of-plant |
| BP | bipolar plates |
| BSFC | brake-specific fuel consumption |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix D: Acronyms." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Assessment of Technologies for Improving Light-Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy—2025-2035. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/26092.
| C-V2X | cellular vehicle to everything |
| CAA | Clean Air Act |
| CAE | computer-aided engineering |
| CAFC | corporate average fuel consumption |
| CaFCP | California Fuel Cell Partnership |
| CAFE | corporate average fuel economy |
| CAN bus | controller area network |
| CARB | California Air Resources Board |
| CAV | connected and automated vehicle |
| CCM | catalyst coated membrane |
| CCS | carbon capture and sequestration |
| CCUS | carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration |
| CDCS | charge depleting/charge sustaining |
| CEC | California Energy Commission |
| CEM | compressor-expander-motor |
| CF | carbon fiber |
| CFR | Code of Federal Regulations |
| CHS | Center for Hydrogen Safety |
| CMU | Carnegie Mellon University |
| CO | carbon monoxide |
| CO2 | carbon dioxide |
| COPV | composite overwrapped pressure vessel |
| CPP | Clean Power Plan |
| CR | compression ratio |
| CUV | crossover utility vehicle |
| CVT | continuously variable transmission |
| CVVD | continuously variable valve duration |
| DC | direct current |
| DCT | dual clutch transmission |
| DEAC | cylinder deactivation |
| DFMA | design for manufacture and assembly |
| DI | direct injection |
| DMC | direct manufacturing cost |
| DME | dimethyl ether |
| DOD | depth of discharge |
| DOE | U.S. Department of Energy |
| DOT | U.S. Department of Transportation |
| DSRC | dedicated short-range communication |
| EC | ethylene carbonate |
| ECMS | equivalent consumption minimization strategy |
| ECSA | electrochemically active surface area |
| EERE | Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy |
| EGR | exhaust gas recirculation |
| EIA | Energy Information Administration |
| EISA | Energy Independence and Security Act |
| EPA | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency |
| EPCA | Energy Policy and Conservation Act |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix D: Acronyms." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Assessment of Technologies for Improving Light-Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy—2025-2035. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/26092.
| EPS | electric power steering |
| EREV | extended range electric vehicle |
| EV | electric vehicle |
| eVMT | electric vehicle miles traveled |
| EVSE | electric vehicle supply equipment |
| FC | fuel consumption |
| FCA | Fiat Chrysler Automobiles |
| FCC | Federal Communications Commission |
| FCEV | fuel cell electric vehicle |
| FCHEA | Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Energy Association |
| FCH JU | Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking |
| FE | fuel economy |
| FHWA | Federal Highway Administration |
| FMVSS | Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards |
| FOV | field-of-view |
| FTP | Federal Test Procedure |
| FWD | front-wheel drive |
| GaN | gallium nitride |
| GDI | gasoline direct fuel injection |
| GDL | gas diffusion layer |
| GDP | gross domestic product |
| GHG | greenhouse gas |
| GM | General Motors |
| GNSS | Global Navigation Satellite System |
| GPS | global positioning system |
| GTDI | gasoline turbocharged direct injection |
| GTL | gas-to-liquid |
| GTR | Global Technical Regulation |
| GWP | global warming potential |
| H2 | hydrogen |
| HCCI | homogeneous charge compression ignition |
| HD | high-definition |
| HEV | hybrid electric vehicle |
| HF | hydrogen fluoride |
| HOR | hydrogen oxidation reaction |
| HOV | high-occupancy vehicle |
| HP | horsepower |
| HyMARC | Hydrogen Materials Advanced Research Consortium |
| ICCT | International Council on Clean Transportation |
| ICE | internal combustion engine |
| ICEV | internal combustion engine vehicle |
| IEA | International Energy Agency |
| IGBT | insulated gate bipolar transistor |
| IIHS-HLDI | Insurance Institute for Highway Safety/Highway Loss Data Institute |
| IPCC | Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |
| ITS | Intelligent Transportation Systems |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix D: Acronyms." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Assessment of Technologies for Improving Light-Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy—2025-2035. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/26092.
| LBNL | Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory |
| LCFS | low-carbon fuel standard |
| LDV | light-duty vehicle |
| LDW | lane departure warning |
| LFC | low-fuel-consumption |
| lidar | light detection and ranging |
| Li-ion | lithium-ion |
| LP-EGR | low-pressure loop cooled exhaust gas recirculation |
| LRR | long-range radar |
| LRR | low rolling resistance |
| LTE | Long-Term Evolution |
| MEA | membrane-electrode assembly |
| MHDVs | medium- and heavy-duty vehicles |
| MHEV | mild hybrid electric vehicle |
| MOF | metal-organic framework |
| MPC | model predictive control |
| MPG | miles per gallon |
| MPGe | miles per gallon of gasoline-equivalent |
| mph | miles per hour |
| MPL | microporous layer |
| MRR | medium-range radar |
| MSRP | manufacturer suggested retail price |
| MTG | methanol-to-gasoline |
| MY | model year |
| NA | naturally aspirated |
| NAAQS | National Ambient Air Quality Standards |
| NCA | nickel cobalt aluminum |
| NEDC | New European Driving Cycle |
| NETL | National Energy Technology Laboratory |
| NEV | new energy vehicle |
| NEXTCAR | NEXT-Generation Energy Technologies for Connected and Automated On-Road-Vehicles |
| NHTS | National Household Travel Survey |
| NHTSA | National Highway Traffic Safety Administration |
| NMC | nickel manganese cobalt |
| NOx | nitrogen oxides |
| NRC | National Research Council |
| NREL | National Renewable Energy Laboratory |
| NSTC | National Science and Technology Council |
| NVH | noise, vibration, and harshness |
| O&M | operations and maintenance |
| OCV | on-chip variation |
| OEM | original equipment manufacturer |
| ORNL | Oak Ridge National Laboratory |
| ORR | oxygen reduction reaction |
| PAN | polyacrylonitrile |
| PBI | polybenzimidazole |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix D: Acronyms." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Assessment of Technologies for Improving Light-Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy—2025-2035. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/26092.
| PEM | proton exchange membrane |
| PEMFC | proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
| PEV | plug-in electric vehicle |
| PFCV | plug-in fuel cell vehicle |
| PFSA | perfluorosulfonic acid |
| PGM | platinum group metal |
| PHEV | plug-in hybrid electric vehicle |
| PM | permanent magnet |
| PMSM | permanent magnet synchronous motor |
| PS | powersplit |
| psi | pounds per square inch |
| PTFE | poly(tetrafluoroethylene) |
| PtM | platinum metal |
| R&D | research and development |
| radar | radio detection and ranging |
| RE | rare earth |
| RFS | Renewable Fuel Standard |
| RH | relative humidity |
| RON | research octane number |
| RPM | revolutions per minute |
| RRC | rolling resistance coefficient |
| RWD | rear-wheel drive |
| SAE | Society of Automotive Engineers |
| SAFE | Safer Affordable Fuel Efficient |
| SEI | solid electrolyte interphase |
| SiC | silicon carbide |
| SMR | steam-methane reforming |
| SOC | state of charge |
| SOH | state of health |
| SOP | state of power |
| SPaT | signal phase and timing |
| SPCCI | spark-controlled compression ignition |
| SPEEK | sulfonated polyether ether ketone |
| SRR | short-range radar |
| SSL | solid-state lidar |
| SUV | sport utility vehicle |
| TAR | technical assessment report |
| TCO | total cost of ownership |
| TFSI | turbo fuel stratified injection |
| TPO | thermoplastics polyolefin elastomers |
| TSI | turbo stratified injection |
| UF | utility factor |
| UHSS | ultra-high-strength steel |
| U.S. DRIVE | U.S. Driving Research and Innovation for Vehicle Efficiency and Energy Sustainability |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix D: Acronyms." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Assessment of Technologies for Improving Light-Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy—2025-2035. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/26092.
| V2B | vehicle to buildings |
| V2G | vehicle to grid |
| V2I | vehicle to infrastructure |
| V2V | vehicle to vehicle |
| V2X | vehicle to everything |
| VAT | value added tax |
| VCT | variable camshaft timing |
| VMT | vehicle miles traveled |
| VTG | variable turbine geometry |
| VTO | Vehicle Technologies Office |
| VVL | variable valve lift |
| VVT | variable valve timing |
| WBG | wide bandgap |
| WTW | well-to-wheels |
| xFC | extreme fast charging |
| ZEV | zero-emission vehicle |
| ZLEV | zero- or low-emissions vehicle |
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