| AFTA | Astrophysics Focused Telescope Assets |
| ALMA | Atacama Large Millimeter Array |
| BAO | baryon acoustic oscillations |
| CATE | cost and technical evaluation |
| CHIME | Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment |
| CMB | cosmic microwave background |
| DESI | Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument |
| DOE | Department of Energy |
| ESA | European Space Agency |
| FY | fiscal year |
| HETDEX | Hobby-Eberly Telescope Dark Energy Experiment |
| HLC | Hybrid Lyot Coronagraph |
| HST | Hubble Space Telescope |
| IDRM | Interim Design Reference Mission |
| IFU | Integral Field Unit |
| JDEM | Joint Dark Energy Mission |
| JWST | James Webb Space Telescope |
| LBTI | Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer |
| LSST | Large Synoptic Survey Telescope |
| NASA | National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
| NIR | near-infrared |
| NRC | National Research Council |
| NSF | National Science Foundation |
| NWNH | New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics |
| OMC | Occulting Mask Coronagraph |
| PIAA | Phased Induced Amplitude Apodization |
| PSF | point spread function |
| R&A | research and analysis |
| SDT | Science Definition Team |
| SNR | signal-to-noise ratio |
| SP | Shaped Pupil |
| TRL | technical readiness level |
| WFC3 | Wide-Field Camera 3 |
| WFIRST | Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope |