| ACOSOG | American College of Surgeons Oncology Group |
| ACRIN | American College of Radiology Imaging Network |
| AE | adverse event |
| ALChEMIST | Adjuvant Lung Cancer Enrichment Marker Identification in Sequencing Trial |
| ALK | anaplastic lymphoma kinase |
| AML | acute myeloid leukemia |
| ASCO | American Society of Clinical Oncology |
| BIQSFP | Biomarker, Imaging, and Quality of Life Studies Funding Program |
| BRAF | human homolog B of v-raf (Rapidly Accelerated Fibrosarcoma viral oncogene) |
| CALGB | Cancer and Leukemia Group B |
| CCOP | Community Clinical Oncology Program |
| CDER | Center for Drug Evaluation and Research |
| CDMS | Common IT Data Management System |
| CIRB | Central Institutional Review Board |
| CLIA | Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments |
| CMS | Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services |
| CRADA | Cooperative Research and Development Agreement |
| CRUK | Cancer Research UK |
| CSG | Clinical Studies Group (in the UK) |
| CT | computed tomography |
| CTAC | Clinical Trials and Translational Research Advisory Group |
| CTEP | Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program |
| CTU | Clinical Trials Unit (in the UK) |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| ECOG | Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group |
| EGFR | epidermal growth factor receptor |
| EMA | European Medicines Agency |
| FDA | Food and Drug Administration |
| FLT3 | fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (fms is the receptor for macrophage colony stimulating factor) |
| GOG | Gynecologic Oncology Group |
| HER2 | human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 |
| IDE | Investigational Device Exemption |
| IND | Investigational New Drug |
| IOM | Institute of Medicine |
| IP | intellectual property |
| IRB | institutional review board |
| IRF | independent radiology facility |
| IT | information technology |
| KRAS | Kirsten rat sarcoma oncogene |
| NCCCP | NCI Community Cancer Centers Program |
| NCCTG | North Central Cancer Treatment Group |
| NCI | National Cancer Institute |
| NCORP | NCI Community Oncology Research Program |
| NCPF | National Cancer Policy Forum |
| NCRI | National Cancer Research Institute (in the UK) |
| NCRN | National Cancer Research Network (in the UK) |
| NCTN | National Clinical Trial Network |
| NEWDIGS | New Drug Development Paradigms |
| NGS | next-generation sequencing |
| NHS | National Health Service |
| NIH | National Institutes of Health |
| NIHR | National Institute of Health Research (in the UK) |
| OEWG | Operational Efficiency Working Group |
| PET | positron emission tomography |
| PFS | progression-free survival |
| PTEN | phosphatase and tensin homolog |
| RATIFY | Randomized AML Trial In FLT3 in <60 Year olds |
| RFA | request for application |
| RTOG | Radiation Therapy Oncology Group |
| SEMATECH | Semiconductor Manufacturing Technology |
| SOP | standard operating procedure |
| SSC | Scientific Steering Committee |
| START | Standard Terms of Agreement for Research Trials |