Page 2 Cite

Suggested Citation: "Appendix 1: Committee Meetings and Workshops." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Harnessing Innovative Biotechnologies for National Security in Material and Human Dimensions: Abridged Version. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27023.

APPENDIX 1
Committee Meetings and Workshops

The committee gathered information for this report from two public workshops of the Standing Committee on Biotechnology Capabilities and National Security Needs. Along with the committee’s internal meeting, these workshops and meetings are listed in this Appendix.

Interactions of Biotechnology with Human Physiology and Function: A Workshop
December 15–16, 2022

Meeting Goal and Objectives

The goal of this meeting is to identify biotechnologies that have enabled discoveries of the many interconnections along the gut–brain axis and to examine these in the context of recent research developments and their supporting ecosystem. The following objectives will be addressed through speakers and interactive sessions. The objectives are to

Highlight new research into connections and mediators along the gut–brain axis
Recognize challenges or limitations across related fields
Identify transdisciplinary technologies and their potential applications
Explore the ecosystem that supports or is needed to support future development
Envision where the field could be in 10 years

All sessions will address the following questions: What are current areas of convergence across gut–brain-axis research, and how can biotechnologies best be integrated to overcome barriers to application?

THURSDAY, DECEMBER 15, 2022

OPEN

11:00–11:15 am EST	Welcome
	Kavita Berger and Diane DiEuliis
	Welcome and Overview
	Elliot Chaikof, Harvard University
11:15 am–12:30 pm EST	Integrating Sensory and Immunological Input
	The goal of this introductory session is to set the stage for considering the links between gut microbiota and nervous and immune systems, or the gut–brain axis. Microbiota can control the immune system locally and systemically, and the source of many of the molecular and sensory inputs that contribute to animal behavior is the microbiota of the gut. Characterizing and modeling the interactions of metabolites and host signaling molecules may contribute to an understanding of how signals are transmitted and received within the gut–brain axis.
	Moderator: Elliot Chaikof, Harvard University
	Sriram Chandrasekaran, University of Michigan (in person)
	Discovering Multiscale Metabolic Interactions Using Machine Learning

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Suggested Citation: "Appendix 1: Committee Meetings and Workshops." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Harnessing Innovative Biotechnologies for National Security in Material and Human Dimensions: Abridged Version. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27023.

	Kevin Tracey, Northwell Health (in person)
	Neural Mechanisms Revealing Therapeutic Strategies
	Yasmine Belkaid, National Institutes of Health (in person)
	Microbiome Control of Host Immunity
12:30–1:30 pm EST	Lunch
1:30–2:45 pm EST	Microbial Modulation, Immunity, Health, and Disease
	As the influential role of the gut–microbiome–brain axis is clarified, studies have expanded into its role in specific disease states and the potential for therapeutic intervention. Understanding the formation, maintenance, and evolution of microbial populations leads to the possibility of manipulation of these microbes to influence their roles to the advantage of the host.
	Moderator: Diane DiEuliis, National Defense University
	Elaine Hsiao, University of California, Los Angeles (virtual)
	Toward Uncovering Mechanisms for Microbiome-Nervous System Interactions
	Mauro Costa-Mattioli, Altos Labs (in person)
	Leveraging the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis to Promote Brain Health: From Mice to Humans
	Sarkis Mazmanian, California Institute of Technology (virtual)
	A Gut Microbiome-Diet Axis in a Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease
2:45–3:00 pm EST	Concluding Remarks
2:45–3:00 pm EST	Elliot Chaikof, Harvard University
3:00–4:30 pm EST	Roundtable Discussion
	What are the opportunities for and challenges to innovation in better understanding physiology and function? The discussion provides an opportunity for speakers and committee members to discuss trends and interests in studying multisystem human physiology, as well as the technological and scientific needs for continued advancement, limitations of current research, ideas to address health and societal needs, and possible opportunities for further studies and applications.
	Moderator: Elliot Chaikof, Harvard University

END OF FIRST DAY

FRIDAY, DECEMBER 16, 2022

OPEN

11:00–11:10 am EST	Welcome and Summary of Day 1
	Moderator: Elliot Chaikof, Harvard University

Page 4 Cite

Suggested Citation: "Appendix 1: Committee Meetings and Workshops." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Harnessing Innovative Biotechnologies for National Security in Material and Human Dimensions: Abridged Version. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27023.

11:10 am–12:30 pm EST	Integrating Microbial and Host Signaling Molecules
	The gut–microbiome–brain axis has multiple mechanisms for detecting and transducing signals. Gut sensory epithelial cells send signals via multiple neurons, including the vagus nerve. Microbes produce metabolites that enter the circulation and affect such processes as neuroinflammation and brain development. The intricate connections between the microbiome and the immune system can be probed to understand susceptibility to infection. Understanding these activities requires the resolution of the structural interactions between gut microbes and mucosal elements.
	Moderator: Mauro Costa-Mattioli, Altos Labs
	Diego Bohorquez, Duke University (virtual)
	The Wisdom of the Gut
	Mark Lyte, Iowa State (virtual)
	Microbial Endocrinology as a Theoretical Framework with Which to Interrogate the Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis in Health and Disease
	Melody Zeng, Cornell University (in person)
	Immune Regulation of the Gut-Brain Axis by the Gut Microbiome in Early Life
	Vanessa Ridaura, Gates Foundation (virtual)
	Maternal Microbiome Directed Interventions to Improve Pregnancy and Infant Outcomes in LMIC Geographies
	Michael Fischbach, Stanford University (virtual)
12:30–1:30 pm EST	Lunch
1:30–2:45 pm EST	Neuromodulation, Immunity, and Health
	Advances in understanding how the nervous system maintains homeostasis suggest that devices targeting the central nervous system and peripheral neural circuits can be exploited to learn about and potential modify the underlying pathology of some diseases. This session will highlight technologies in use and identify potential gaps in the availability of those technologies for applications related to the gut–brain axis.
	Moderator: Amina Qutub, The University of Texas at San Antonio
	Todd Coleman, Stanford University (virtual)
	Hubert Lim, University of Minnesota (in person)
	Ultrasound Modulation of the Nervous System and End-Organs: Potential for Noninvasively Controlling Immune, Metabolic, and Gut Function
	Stewart Campbell, Axial Therapeutics (in person)
	Intervening at the Gut-Brain Axis: Targeting Bacterial Metabolites as a Strategy to Manage Irritability Associated with Autism

Page 5 Cite

Suggested Citation: "Appendix 1: Committee Meetings and Workshops." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Harnessing Innovative Biotechnologies for National Security in Material and Human Dimensions: Abridged Version. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27023.

2:45–3:45 pm EST	Innovation Ecosystem and Envisioning the Future of Gut–Brain Research
	During this session, speakers will discuss future visions for research and application of multisystem studies in human physiology. This discussion will focus on both scientific and technological developments and the broader enterprise enabling such advances, including exploration of funding models, education and workforce needs, and infrastructure.
	Moderator: Jun Axup, E11 Bio
	William Bonvillian, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (virtual)
	Panelists:
	Elaine Hsiao, University of California, Los Angeles
	Mauro Costa-Mattioli, Altos Labs
	Hubert Lim, University of Minnesota
	Vanessa Ridaura, Gates Foundation
3:45–4:00 pm EST	Closing Remarks
3:45–4:00 pm EST	Moderator: Elliot Chaikof

MEETING ADJOURNS

Biotechnology Capabilities for National Security Needs Discussion
December 15, 2022

OPEN

Meeting Goals

This discussion is to provide opportunities for the sponsor and colleagues to ask their specific questions about the scientific content of the associated workshop, and to provide the committee members to understand possible real-world relevance of the scientific content.

3:00–3:30 pm EST	Welcome
3:30–4:00 pm EST	Discussion: Questions About the Scientific Concepts, Research, and Technologies on Multisystem Human Physiology
4:00–4:30 pm EST	Discussion: Discussion About Applications
4:30–5:00 pm EST	Open Discussion: Determining Whether Research or Technologies Are Used

Biohybrid Materials and Technologies for Today and Tomorrow: A Workshop
January 12–13, 2023

Meeting Goal and Objectives

This workshop will explore emerging trends and frontier opportunities in biohybrid materials and technologies across broad application spaces, including robotics, manufacturing, architecture, and

Page 6 Cite

Suggested Citation: "Appendix 1: Committee Meetings and Workshops." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Harnessing Innovative Biotechnologies for National Security in Material and Human Dimensions: Abridged Version. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27023.

agriculture. Speakers will present on cutting-edge biohybrid materials and devices that integrate both biological and engineered components to enhance or add functionality and will highlight efforts toward sustainable designs. By bringing together experts across these multidisciplinary domains, we will identify drivers of innovation arising from the convergence of complementary fields of science and technology, as well as the chokepoints and needs of the communities contributing to this work. In addition, we will identify and discuss educational and workforce challenges and opportunities, and societal impacts including sustainability, ethics, and inclusion of marginalized groups.

THURSDAY, JANUARY 12, 2023

OPEN

8:00–8:30 am EST	Registration
8:30–8:40 am EST	Welcome
	Kavita Berger, National Academies’ Board on Life Sciences (in person)
	Catherine Cabrera, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (in person)
8:40–9:00 am EST	Opening Remarks from Workshop Planning Group
	Trisha Tucholski, National Academies’ Board on Life Sciences (in person)
	Megan Valentine, University of California, Santa Barbara (Chair, virtual)
9:00–9:45 am EST	Keynote Speaker
	Ginger Krieg Dosier, Biomason (in person)
	Moderator: Deepti Tanjore, Advanced Biofuels Process Demonstration Unit (virtual)
9:45–10:45 am EST	Panel: Biomanufacturing for Sustainability
	Moderator: Alshakim Nelson, University of Washington (in person)
	Goals:
	Understand the advances in biomanufacturing methods that integrate living microorganisms into their processes to create sustainable materials Explore the limitations of natural “manufacturing” methods as we try to integrate cells into human-made processes for the design and scalable production of materials Identify the urgent needs of the field that must be addressed for successful adoption/implementation
	Panelists:
	Neel Joshi, Northeastern University (in person)
	David Breslauer, Bolt Threads (virtual)
	Anne Meyer, University of Rochester (virtual)
	Ginger Krieg Dosier, Biomason (in person)
10:45–11:00 am EST	Break
11:00 am–12:00 pm EST	Panel: Frontiers in Bioinspired Materials and Biotechnologies
11:00 am–12:00 pm EST	Moderator: Robert Full, University of California, Berkeley (virtual)

Page 7 Cite

Suggested Citation: "Appendix 1: Committee Meetings and Workshops." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Harnessing Innovative Biotechnologies for National Security in Material and Human Dimensions: Abridged Version. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27023.

	Goals:
	Understand the approaches to design and implementation for bioinspired materials and technologies that allow programmability, stimuli-responsiveness, and other complex functions Identify cases where incorporation of biohybrid materials could improve performance, and explore barriers to implementation
	Panelists:
	Taylor Ware, Texas A&M University (in person)
	Muhammad Hussain, Purdue University (virtual)
	Abdon Pena-Francesch, University of Michigan (in person)
12:00–1:00 pm EST	Lunch
1:00–2:00 pm EST	Panel: Risks, Roadblocks, and Rewards
	Moderator: Megan Valentine, University of California, Santa Barbara (virtual)
	Goals:
	Explore opportunities and roadblocks in the development and use of biohybrid materials and technologies Identify conditions and frameworks that enable success, and those that stymie progress Identify strategies that enable translation of lab bench breakthroughs into successful products and new markets
	Panelists:
	Don Ingber, Harvard Wyss Institute (virtual)
	Pae Wu, Indie Bio/SOSV (virtual)
	David Breslauer, Bolt Threads (virtual)
2:00–2:45 pm EST	Breakout: Education and Workforce
	Facilitator: Fiorenzo Omenetto, Tufts University (in person)
	Goals:
	Consider what expertise and skills are needed to design, develop, analyze, and transition research advances Identify gaps and needs for education and workforce development Explore how to integrate biomaterials and biofabrication into learning curricula Explore how to introduce global awareness and sustainability into design thinking
	Livestream participants are encouraged to provide written reflections to the Google Jamboard
2:45–3:00 pm EST	Key Takeaways from Day 1
2:45–3:00 pm EST	Workshop Planning Committee

END OF FIRST DAY

Page 8 Cite

Suggested Citation: "Appendix 1: Committee Meetings and Workshops." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Harnessing Innovative Biotechnologies for National Security in Material and Human Dimensions: Abridged Version. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27023.

FRIDAY, JANUARY 13, 2023

OPEN

8:00–8:30 am EST	Registration
8:30–9:30 am EST	Panel: Built Environment
	Moderator: Fiorenzo Omenetto, Tufts University (in person)
	Goals:
	Understand how to bring large-scale structures to life with biomaterials Explore the relationships between form and function when operating at this scale Identify challenges in designing at this scale and explore what additional tools/discoveries are needed to make the use of biomaterials for this purpose more commonplace
	Panelists:
	Laia Mogas-Soldevila, University of Pennsylvania (virtual)
	Felecia Davis, The Pennsylvania State University (virtual)
	Tomás Diez, Fab City Foundation (virtual)
9:30–10:15 am EST	Breakout: Ethics, Risks, and Opportunities for Inclusion
	Facilitator: Deepti Tanjore, Advanced Biofuels Process Demonstration Unit (virtual)
	Goals:
	Identify key ethical considerations regarding biohybrid material design and implementation Explore the intersection between sustainability and material design, and identify areas of particular need or particular opportunity Explore how to incorporate diverse perspectives and communities in disruptive biohybrid material innovation Consider how scientific or national cultures may affect research conduct and progress with biohybrid materials
	Livestream participants are encouraged to provide written reflections to the Google Jamboard
10:15–10:30 am EST	Break
10:30–11:30 am EST	Panel: Plant-Based Technologies and Functional Materials
	Moderator: Megan Valentine, University of California, Santa Barbara (virtual)
	Goals:
	Understand state of the art in plant-based materials, devices, and electronics, with applications ranging from intelligent agriculture to robotics Understand how plants and plant-derived materials can form or be incorporated into functional materials, and the advantages of these approaches

Page 9 Cite

Suggested Citation: "Appendix 1: Committee Meetings and Workshops." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Harnessing Innovative Biotechnologies for National Security in Material and Human Dimensions: Abridged Version. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27023.

	Explore limitations of current materials and technologies and identify urgent needs that must be addressed to enable adoption and implementation of plant-based engineering solutions
	Panelists:
	Eleni Stravrinidou, Linköping University (virtual)
	Chiara Daraio, Caltech (virtual)
	Thomas Speck, Universität Freiburg (virtual)
	Barbara Mazzolai, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (virtual)
11:30 am–12:30 pm EST	Lunch
12:30-1:15 pm EST	Keynote Speaker
	Zhenan Bao, Stanford University (virtual)
	Moderator: Robert Full, University of California, Berkeley (virtual)
1:15-2:15 pm EST	Panel: Biorobotics and Health
	Moderator: Robert Full, University of California, Berkeley (virtual)
	Goals:
	Understand how biohybrid materials are used in biorobotics and what their use enables in design, manufacturing, and applications Explore limitations of current materials and technologies and identify urgent needs that must be addressed to enable adoption and implementation of biorobotic devices
	Panelists:
	Ritu Raman, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (virtual)
	John Rogers, Northwestern University (virtual)
	Victoria Webster-Wood, Carnegie Mellon University (in person)
	Zhenan Bao, Stanford University (virtual)
2:15–3:00 pm EST	Breakout: Innovation Ecosystem and Unmet Needs
	Facilitator: Alshakim Nelson, University of Washington (in person)
	Goals:
	Building on the concepts identified in this workshop, identify key needs in biohybrid materials and technologies that are required to advance their adoption and implementation Identify areas of underinvestment, and gaps that are hindering progress Suggest means by which these needs can be addressed
	Livestream participants are encouraged to provide written reflections to the Google Jamboard
3:00 pm EST	Closing Remarks
3:00 pm EST	Megan Valentine, University of California, Santa Barbara (virtual)

MEETING ADJOURNS

Page 10 Cite

Suggested Citation: "Appendix 1: Committee Meetings and Workshops." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Harnessing Innovative Biotechnologies for National Security in Material and Human Dimensions: Abridged Version. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27023.

Biotechnology Capabilities for National Security Needs Sponsor Discussion
January 12, 2022

OPEN

Meeting Goals

This discussion is to provide opportunities for the sponsor and colleagues to ask their specific questions about the scientific content of the associated workshop, and to provide an opportunity for the committee members to understand possible real-world relevance of the scientific content.

3:00–3:30 pm EST	Welcome
3:30–4:00 pm EST	Discussion: Questions About the Scientific Concepts, Research, and Technologies on Biohybrid Materials and Technologies
4:00–4:15 pm EST	Break
4:15–5:00 pm EST	Discussion: Discussion About Applications and Whether Research or Technologies Are Used

END OF MEETING

Biotechnology Capabilities for National Security Needs Meeting 6
February 7, 2023

CLOSED

Meeting Goals

The goal of this meeting is to develop consensus findings, conclusions, and recommendations of the report, the information needed to support those consensus results, and assignments for preparing the final report. The committee will

Finalize the scientific topics that the report will include and the specific advances that will be highlighted in the report.
Finalize vignettes (i.e., case studies).
Understand both strategic and operational considerations relevant to the scientific topics and sponsor needs.
Discuss preliminary consensus findings and conclusions.
Develop preliminary consensus recommendations and test their actionability.
Assign writing responsibilities and deadlines.

10:00–10:15 am EST	Arrival and Sign-In
10:15–11:00 am EST	Context Discussion
10:15–11:00 am EST	The committee will discuss operational considerations and reports to help understand questions and context.
11:00 am–12:15 pm EST	Scientific Topics and Specific Advances

Page 11 Cite

Suggested Citation: "Appendix 1: Committee Meetings and Workshops." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Harnessing Innovative Biotechnologies for National Security in Material and Human Dimensions: Abridged Version. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27023.

	The committee will discuss the report outline, the scientific topics to include, and relevance to sponsor needs. During this discussion, the committee will identify specific scientific advances and vignettes to highlight.
	By the end of the discussion, we hope to have a refined report outline and a short, preliminary list of scientific advances to include, vignettes to develop, and possible consensus findings, conclusions, and recommendations.
12:15–12:45 pm EST	Lunch
OPEN
1:00–2:00 pm EST	Briefing
2:00–3:00 pm EST	Briefing
3:00–3:45 pm EST	Expert Discussion
CLOSED
3:45–4:00 pm EST	Consensus Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations

MEETING ADJOURNS

Biotechnology Capabilities for National Security Needs Meeting 7
March 6, 2023

CLOSED

Meeting Goals

The goal of this meeting is to review the current report, finalize consensus findings, conclusions, and recommendations of the report, and gain committee approval for submitting the report to peer review.

10:00–10:15 am EST	Arrival and Sign-In
10:15 am–12:15 pm EST	Report Review
10:15 am–12:15 pm EST	The committee will review the draft report.
12:15–12:45 pm EST	Lunch
12:45–2:00 pm EST	Committee Discussion About Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations
12:45–2:00 pm EST	The committee will discuss and finalize wording of the consensus findings, conclusions, and recommendations.
2:00–3:00 pm EST	Discussion About Report Edits and Additions

Page 12 Cite

Suggested Citation: "Appendix 1: Committee Meetings and Workshops." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Harnessing Innovative Biotechnologies for National Security in Material and Human Dimensions: Abridged Version. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27023.

The committee will discuss specific edits to the report, including any additional information that needs to be added before the report is reviewed.

MEETING ADJOURNS

Biotechnology Capabilities for National Security Needs Meeting 8
March 30, 2023

CLOSED

Meeting Goals

The goal of this meeting is to review the reviewers’ comments, suggest additional edits to the report, and give sign-off on the report.

10:00–10:15 am EST	Arrival and Sign-In
10:15 am–1:00 pm EST	Report Review
10:15 am–1:00 pm EST	The committee will review the draft report.
1:00–1:30 pm EST	Lunch
1:30–4:00 pm EST	Discuss Reviewers’ Comments, Edits, and Report Sign-Off
1:30–4:00 pm EST	The committee will discuss the reviewers’ comments and revisions made in response to reviewers’ comments. The committee will consider providing report sign-off.